The FIAU Judgments; A Critical Legal Analysis

  • Tonio Borg
  • 10/05/2025
  • 31 min read

In this article Prof. Tonio Borg examines the Constitutional Court’s judgments of 18 November 2024 in the XNT and Phoenix cases, which reversed earlier rulings declaring FIAU’s fining powers unconstitutional and introduced a controversial shift in jurisprudence by validating administrative sanctions imposed by non-judicial bodies, so long as an appeal to a court exists. This […]

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